Research & Innovations

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Research Articles

Managing Confounding by Indication in Observational Drug Studies: Advanced Methods and Practical Applications for Researchers

This article provides a comprehensive guide for researchers and drug development professionals on managing the pervasive challenge of confounding by indication in observational studies.

Sofia Henderson
Dec 02, 2025

Addressing Heterogeneity in Network Meta-Analysis of Drugs: A Comprehensive Guide from Detection to Decision-Making

This article provides a comprehensive framework for researchers and drug development professionals to address heterogeneity in network meta-analysis (NMA).

Nolan Perry
Dec 02, 2025

Beyond Plasma: Integrating Structure–Tissue Exposure/Selectivity Relationship (STR) for Smarter Drug Optimization

With a 90% failure rate in clinical drug development, often due to insufficient efficacy or unmanageable toxicity, the pharmaceutical industry is re-evaluating its lead optimization paradigms.

Claire Phillips
Dec 02, 2025

Quantitative Synthesis Methods for Drug Safety and Efficacy: A Modern Framework for Evidence-Based Development

This article provides a comprehensive overview of quantitative evidence synthesis methods essential for robust assessment of drug safety and efficacy.

Gabriel Morgan
Dec 02, 2025

Using Physician Prescribing Preference as an Instrumental Variable: A Comprehensive Guide for Causal Inference in Clinical Research

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the use of Physician Prescribing Preference (PPP) as an instrumental variable (IV) in comparative effectiveness research and pharmacoepidemiology.

Liam Carter
Dec 02, 2025

Beyond the Average: A Strategic Framework for Handling Heterogeneity in Comparative Drug Efficacy Studies

This article provides a comprehensive guide for researchers and drug development professionals on navigating clinical heterogeneity and Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects (HTE) in comparative effectiveness research.

Claire Phillips
Dec 02, 2025

Optimal Control Methods for Optimizing Combination Drug Regimens: From Mathematical Models to Clinical Translation

Combination therapies are a cornerstone of modern treatment for complex diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and Alzheimer's, but optimizing their dosing and scheduling presents significant challenges.

Hunter Bennett
Dec 02, 2025

Real-World Evidence for Drug Effectiveness: A Guide to Regulatory-Grade Study Designs and Methodologies

This article provides a comprehensive guide for researchers and drug development professionals on designing and implementing robust real-world evidence (RWE) studies to demonstrate drug effectiveness.

Emma Hayes
Dec 02, 2025

Propensity Score Methods in Pharmacoepidemiology: A Modern Guide to Confounding Control and Causal Inference

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of propensity score (PS) methods in pharmacoepidemiology, targeting researchers and drug development professionals.

Ethan Sanders
Dec 02, 2025

Bayesian Mixed Treatment Comparisons: A Comprehensive Guide for Evidence Synthesis in Drug Development

This article provides a comprehensive guide to applying Bayesian models for Mixed Treatment Comparisons (MTC), also known as Network Meta-Analysis, in biomedical and pharmaceutical research.

Aiden Kelly
Dec 02, 2025

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